This course traces the history of modern Southeast Asia from c.1500 to the early 21st century, with an emphasis on the impact of colonial empires and the emergence of global capitalism. It examines the political, economic, social, and cultural transformations of the region as deeply interconnected with global systems of power and economy. From the "age of commerce" through the height of European colonial rule, students will explore how Southeast Asia became central to the expansion of global capitalism. The course also encourages students to engage with historical analysis and critically reflect on the production of knowledge about the region.